To ensure safety, extensive testing and regulatory oversight are essential. Preclinical studies in cell cultures and animal models are conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of viral vectors. Regulatory agencies, such as the FDA and EMA, have strict guidelines for the development and approval of viral-based therapies. Additionally, researchers employ strategies to enhance the safety of viral vectors, such as using non-replicating viruses, incorporating safety switches, and targeting specific cell types to minimize off-target effects.
