Peer-reviewed findings with their methods and gaps named — the distance between paper and.
Antibiotic resistance research starts from measurement. The WHO's Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System reported in October 2025 that one in six laboratory-confirmed bacterial infections worldwide in 2023 was resistant to antibiotic treatment, per the WHO's news release.…
U.S. synthetic DNA biosecurity rests on a voluntary screening framework issued by the Department of Health and Human Services in October 2023, which asks gene synthesis providers and their customers to screen orders for sequences of concern down to 50 nucleotides, per the guidance published by…
Basic research in the United States is funded mainly through competitive grants, cooperative agreements, and fellowships, a structure the National Science Foundation describes as hundreds of funding opportunities across science and engineering. The benchmark instrument is NIH's R01, which the…
Biomedical findings fail to replicate for structural reasons — small studies, flexible analyses and selective reporting — first formalized in a 2005 PLOS Medicine essay arguing most research claims are more likely false than true. The institutional response has been funder policy, notably NIH's…
A drug candidate reaches the clinic through an Investigational New Drug application, the exemption that lets a sponsor ship an unapproved drug to investigators. Per FDA, an IND is needed once a sponsor that has screened a molecule for "pharmacological activity and acute toxicity potential in…
A bioinformatics pipeline is a chained, software-defined series of steps that converts raw sequencing output into analyzed results, recording every tool version and parameter used. It exists to solve reproducibility: as the Nextflow authors wrote in Nature Biotechnology, the main source of…